نشریه پژوهش های انسان شناسی ایران
سال هفتم شماره 1 (پیاپی 13، بهار و تابستان 1396)

In this paper, I try to propose a model, based on my fieldwork, for basic culture pattern of personality in of the Iranian subcultures. In this regard, I did my fieldwork in Isfahan cultural area. Through ethnographic and participant observation in this culture, I tried to analyze culture pattern of Isfahan personality and its dimensions and the way it works in their everyday life. Three main dimensions of this Isfahan cultural personality are order, arrangement, manners or ritualism. This semantic patterns in the socialization process of members of this culture are very central. Most of their interactions in everyday life and ritualistic contexts based on these patterns. In this culture instrumental rationality is the central rules in shaping social life. Through this study, I try to analyze how in a culture or cultural area, any cultural system should select some traits to provide integration and its reproduction. This aim has been done by culture pattern of personality or modal personality in any society. Usually, modal personality has different representation inside and outside of culture and for natives and foreigners. We need to understand and explain how modal personality of Isfahan culture work in an emic manner and grasped by others.

The value as a semantic dimension and the product of the positive interaction between human and nature is considered as a key component in the process of conservation of cultural and natural heritage. Review and analysis of the evolution of the concept of the value of the single structure to contexts and beyond its cultural view reveal that as the scale of view changes from micro to macro and approaches to cultural view, intangible aspects find greater importance from one hand, and natural values are considered as an important part of the cultural view on the other hand. Uraman Takht is one of the cities of the Uraman in Iranian Kurdistan province. Cultural view of the Uraman Takht can be introduced as a small part of the Uraman cultural area. Local people in this mountainous climate have had very innovative interaction with their environment over time and this creative process has continued in several aspects so far. Investigating the transformation course of the values from tangible to intangible values. This paper tried to introduce a theoretical framework that includes tangible and intangible achievements of the human and all natural and cultural values from the cultural landscape

This article tries to explain the space organization of Kermanshah city in the first Pahlavi period (1924-1940). The theoretical approach is based on Henri Lefebvre's "Production of Space". In his view, the three dimensions of representations of space, i.e. Space of Representation and Spatial Practice in a dialectical manner involved in the production of urban space.T he study method is qualitative and data collection techniques are observation and document review. Results show: modernization, industrialization, nomads settling and compulsory military service along with the construction actions in the city caused its growth to the south. Its space organization is influenced by three trends: 1. Designers influenced esthetic and Haussmannian urban ideas, place elements such as streets, squares, restaurants, and cinema in the city. 2. Social space of the city under the influence of new ideas and as result of the lived experience of people in daily life was segregated into two categories: Traditional and modern.3. Truancy and presence in public spaces increase social relations and make city anthropological place.

Early marriage or child marriage has several reasons, including poverty, gender inequality, traditional cultural practices that govern human societies, illiteracy and insecurity which impacts upon lack of proper training of future generations, rising divorce rates, increasing mortality rates and maternal and child health problems. This article seeks to evaluate and compare changes in the pattern of early marriage among Afghan immigrants in rural areas of Iran (Tehran) and Germany (Hamburg) as main destinations for Afghans in both Asia and Europe over the past decades. With an ethnographic approach and intensive fieldwork as the main key to communicate with the Afghan community, various variables such as international immigration, education and legal structure in both host societies were examined in terms of their possible impact upon early marriage within the Afghan migrant community (Hazara ethnic group).
The research has been carried out the qualitative research method. It is followed with 34 semi-structured interviews, 5 expert interviews and participant observation with Afghan immigrants in refugee camps and the wider city in Hamburg (Germany), and for conducting data in Iranian side, secondary sources, expert interview and 24 semi-structured interviews, 7 expert interviews and fieldwork in Basic Education Centers in rural area in Tehran are used. Findings are analyzed with the content analysis with the help of open coding and axial coding within the framework of Gordon’s model (1964).

This research studies the social factors of coexistence among Talesh ethnic groups. The multiplicity of tribes and ethnic conflicts and in Iranian history represents many political and social tensions. This kind of problem seems to be current in multi-ethnic societies which need the organization of their coexistences well as their conflicts. In our field, we have considered Talesh, Turk, Kurd, Tat, and Gilak groups, with the different variety of Islam religion. Our question has been what are the cultural and social factors that affect the coexistence of these ethnic groups. Our method has been the study the group relations in the field by documents and relying on written sources, in-depth interviews, participant observation, questionnaires and analytical approaches. After collecting research data a combination of political theory of Weber, exchange, solidarity, as put forward by Durkheim, assimilation, symbolic interaction, has been our main theoretical framework. According to the research findings, we conclude that historical shared experience, cultural and social exchanges, division of labor, coordination and socialization have been effective in the coexistence of these ethnic groups.

Our postulate in this paper is that it seems that the private sphere and the public sphere have a dialectical relationship in lifestyle. So, during the bottlenecks in the public sphere, the private sphere seeks the solution and a way out. In our contemporary society, private sphere has grown. This study searches new lifestyles that formed in this space. The place of this research is Dezful and its method is qualitative and phenomenal hermeneutics and field data has been gathered through in-depth interviews and targeted sampling and with regard to the lived experience of the participants. In the theoretical part, we used combined theory by guiding the field, which is based on the theories of Fiske, De Certeau, Lefebvre, Bourdieu, Clark, Heidegger, Giddens, Bastide, Habermas, Hegel, Lacan, Rorty, Deleuze, Guattari, and Frankl. And the new lifestyles have been analyzed with this combined theory. The findings show that with the public sphere diminishing, people are housed in the private sphere and create a new lifestyle and thus, the private sphere grows. Social actors distinguish themselves with economic capital and cultural capital And they reflect on different areas of their lives. They resist the dominant order. Finally, the expansion of the private sphere leads to self-creation. The expansion of the private sphere has political implications and it is a symptom that acts like a therapy. Everyday life is the context of meaning. And actors use special tactics in everyday life.

The issue of Aryan dispersals was first recognized through the linguistic research, subsequently, both Archaeology and Anthropology were involved although compared to them it seems Linguistics had stronger basis for it. Although none of the mentioned disciplines could have ended the dispute, Population Genetics in general and Archaeogenetic in particular could clarify each discipline’ share and produce some practical results in terms of the structure of the Iranian gene pools and how much of it was under the influence of the Aryan migrants. In this research the results of the DNA extraction form the Iron Age (supposedly right after the immigration of the Aryans into the Iranian Plateau) cemetery of Ghar Teppe in southeastern of the Caspian Sea has presented. Comparisons of the Haplogroups for the Iron Age people of Gohar Teppe (H) with their predecessors and contemporary people at the region combining with review of a DNA research for the Iranian populations all indicate that although the biological impact of the so called Aryans were not very significant on the gene pool of the Iranian populations, their cultural influence (new language, ideology, myth…) was very strong. We propose here that the contemporary Iranian populations are the descendants of long-term in situ evolution since the past 40000 years ago, which were culturally mixed with the Aryan immigrants during the past two-three millenniums creating what today we call it the Iranian culture.

Increase in global violence such as war and genocide from the end of the nineteenth century has encouraged many scientists to do studies about human suffering. For this purpose, archaeologists were trying to use their expertise to retrieving of material evidence relating to past human substrates and reading them. Thus, archeologists are those who exploring the mass graves and recognizing the criminal background. But, in Iran, the importance of this sub-discipline of contemporary archeology have been neglected so far. So, in our piece in addition to introducing this field of archaeology by investigating the activities and interviews with experts who have an influential role in the mater and use of this scientific approach to identify and resolve crimes, we tried to create a new conception of contemporary archeology in solving human problems and how and why we should use it in our community. In this regard, archaeologists by using their capabilities in the field of precision retrieval of violence have been able to resolve the existing criminal cases and offer an archaeological definition of the crime.